Elements of Intellectual Property Protection in Plant Breeding and Biotechnology: Interactions and Outcomes
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
Intellectual property in plant breeding: comparing different levels and forms of protection
Welfare trade-offs between intellectual property (IP) protections provided by patents and by plant variety protection (PVP) are explored. PVP breeders’ exemption weakens IP protection, but may speed the transfer of research gains across firms. A model is developed assuming firms optimise research given existing IP protection. A baseline scenario supporting each system is used to perform welfare...
متن کاملextraction and characterization of allium irancum plant extract and its application in the green synthesis of silver nano particles and oxidation of thiocarbony1 compounds
سنتز سبز نانوذرات فلزی (nps) درسالهای اخیر توجه بسیارزیادی را به خود جلب کرده است. زیرا این پروتوکل کم هزینه وسازگار با محیط زیست از روش های استاندارد سنتز. در این پایان نامه ما گزارش میکنیم یک روش ساده و سازگار با محیط زیست برای سنتز نانوذرات نقره با استفاده از محلول آبی عصاره گیاه allium iranicum به عنوان یک عامل کاهش دهنده ی طبیعی. نانو ذرات نقره مشخص شد با استفاده از تکنیک های uv-visible، x...
Biotechnology, Gene Flow, and Intellectual Property Rights
PREAMBLE Genetic improvement of varietal crops has historically been a public sector endeavor carried on primarily within Land Grant University Agricultural Experiment Stations and USDA. The Plant Variety Protection Act (1970) triggered significant private sector investment in plant breeding and genetics research, particularly soybeans, and a number of excellent varieties have been introduced b...
متن کاملBioinformatics and Intellectual Property Protection
This article describes the nature of bioinformatics and how the various components of bioinformatics relate to intellectual property law. The article begins by "decomposing" bioinformatics into three categories: (A) biological sequences such as DNA, RNA, and protein sequences; (B) databases in which these sequences are organized; and (C) software and hardware designed to access, organize, and a...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Crop Science
سال: 2016
ISSN: 0011-183X
DOI: 10.2135/cropsci2015.10.0608